anatipestifer
An acute or chronic septicaemic disease caused by Riemerella anatipestifer, syn Pasteurella, or Moraxella a. It affects ducks of any age, sometimes turkeys, and may also be isolated from chickens, game birds and wild waterfowl. Mortality is 2-75% in childish ducks. Transmission is mainly preside over, bird-to-bird, via toenail scratches, especially of the duckling foot, or through respiratory epithelium during respiratory disease. It can also be by faecal contamination of feed, water or the environment where survival of the infectious agent may be prolonged. Adverse environmental conditions and pre-existing disease are predisposing factors.
Sulphonamides and potentiated sulphonamides are the products most commonly recommended for drinking water application. Subcutaneous injections of penicillin + dihydrostreptomycin, or streptomycin + dihydrostreptomycin are also highly effective.
Excellent husbandry and hygiene, rigid depopulation and disinfection, adequate protection, ‘hardening off’, right household relative damp, sulphonamides in feed. Inactivated and attenuated vaccines available in some countries. Autogenous bacterins sometimes used.
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Signs of anatipestifer are:
Weakness.
Neck tucked in.
Head/neck tremor.
Ataxia.
Disinclined to walk.
Incoordination.
Dyspnoea.
Perihepatitis without much smell or liver hurt.
Pericarditis.
Airsacculitis.
Enlarged liver and spleen.
Occasionally fibrinous meningitis.
Salpingitis
Purulent synovitis.
Chronic arthritis, sometimes with erosions of the joint cartilage.
Visual and/or nasal discharge.
Hyperexcitability
Lesions, isolation and identification of organism – blood or chocolate agar in candle jar or 5% CO2. Differentiate from duck viral enteritis, duck viral hepatitis, fowl cholera, colibacillosis, coccidiosis, chlamydiosis.
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